CATARACT AND ITS COMPLICATIONS: THE IMPORTANCE OF SURGICAL TREATMENT

Cataract is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. It is characterized by progressive opacification of the crystalline lens, resulting in decreased visual acuity and impaired quality of life. If left untreated, cataracts may lead to serious complications including secondary glaucoma, lens-induced inflammation, and blindness. Although conservative measures may temporarily improve symptoms, surgery remains the only definitive treatment. Modern cataract surgery, especially phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, has become a highly effective and safe procedure. This review discusses the etiology, complications, and emphasizes the significance of operative treatment in cataract management.