September 2022 data-update for "Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators"
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Citation metrics are widely used and misused. We have created a publicly available database of top-cited scientists that provides standardized information on citations, h-index, co-authorship adjusted hm-index, citations to papers in different authorship positions and a composite indicator (c-score). Separate data are shown for career-long and, separately, for single recent year impact. Metrics with and without self-citations and ratio of citations to citing papers are given. Scientists are classified into 22 scientific fields and 176 sub-fields. Field- and subfield-specific percentiles are also provided for all scientists with at least 5 papers. Career-long data are updated to end-of-2021 and single recent year data pertain to citations received during calendar year 2021. The selection is based on the top 100,000 scientists by c-score (with and without self-citations) or a percentile rank of 2% or above in the sub-field. 195,605 scientists are included in the career-long database and 200,409 scientists are included in the single recent year dataset. This version (4) is based on the Sept 1, 2022 snapshot from Scopus, updated to end of citation year 2021. This work uses Scopus data provided by Elsevier through ICSR Lab (https://www.elsevier.com/icsr/icsrlab). Calculation were performed using all Scopus author profiles as of September 1, 2022. If an author is not on the list it is simply because the composite indicator value was not high enough to appear on the list. It does not mean that the author does not do good work. Please also note that the database has been published in an archival form and will not be changed. The published version accurately reflects Scopus author profiles at the time of calculation. Some authors may not appear on the list if their Scopus profile was inaccurate (missing publications and citations) at the time of calculation. We thus advise authors to ensure that their Scopus profiles are accurate. Requests for corrections of the Scopus data should not be sent to us. They should be sent directly to Scopus, preferably by use of the Scopus to ORCID feedback wizard (https://orcid.scopusfeedback.com/) so that the correct data can be used in any future annual updates of the citation indicator databases. The c-score focuses on impact (citations) rather than productivity (number of publications) and it also incorporates information on co-authorship and author positions (single, first, last author). If you have additional questions, please read the 3 associated papers published in PLoS Biology that explain the development, validation and use of these metrics and databases. (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002501, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000384 and https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000918). Finally, we alert users that all citation metrics have limitations and their use should be tempered and judicious. For more reading, we refer to the Leiden manifesto: https://www.nature.com/articles/520429a
引用计量指标被广泛应用，同时也存在误用情形。我们构建了一套面向高被引学者的公开数据库，可提供标准化的引用数据、h指数（h-index）、经合著者校正的hm指数、不同作者位次论文的被引次数，以及综合指标（c-score）。数据库分别提供学者职业生涯累计影响力与单年度（近年）影响力数据，同时涵盖纳入与排除自引的计量指标，以及被引文献与施引文献的比值数据。学者被划分为22个一级学科领域与176个二级学科子领域，另为发表论文不少于5篇的所有学者提供对应学科及子领域的百分位排名数据。职业生涯累计数据更新至2021年末，单年度近年数据对应2021日历年期间获得的引用量。入榜学者的遴选标准为：按c-score（纳入/排除自引）排名前10万名，或在所属子领域中百分位排名达2%及以上。职业生涯累计数据库共收录195605位学者，单年度近年数据集收录200409位学者。本数据库第4版基于2022年9月1日的Scopus快照数据，并更新至2021年引用统计年末。本数据集使用了爱思唯尔（Elsevier）通过ICSR实验室提供的Scopus数据（https://www.elsevier.com/icsr/icsrlab）。 本次计算基于2022年9月1日的全部Scopus作者档案数据。未入选本榜单的学者，仅因综合指标分值未达入榜门槛，并不代表其学术成果质量欠佳。请注意，本数据库以存档形式发布，后续将不再修改。发布版本准确反映了计算时的Scopus作者档案状态。若学者的Scopus档案在计算时存在数据不准确（如遗漏发表论文或引用记录），则可能无法入选本榜单。因此我们建议学者确保其Scopus档案信息准确。有关Scopus数据的更正请求请勿发送至本团队，应直接提交至Scopus平台，推荐通过Scopus至ORCID反馈向导（https://orcid.scopusfeedback.com/）提交，以便未来年度引用计量数据库更新时可使用修正后的准确数据。 c-score聚焦于学术影响力（引用量）而非产出量（论文数量），同时整合了合著者情况与作者位次（独著、第一作者、通讯/最后作者）相关信息。若您有更多疑问，请参阅发表在PLoS Biology上的三篇相关论文，其中详细阐述了本套计量指标与数据库的开发、验证及使用方法（https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002501、https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000384及https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000918）。 最后，我们提醒所有用户：所有引用计量指标均存在局限性，使用时应保持审慎与克制。如需进一步阅读相关内容，可参考《莱顿宣言》（Leiden manifesto）：https://www.nature.com/articles/520429a
