International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Release 3, Individual Observations

The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is a global ocean marine meteorological and surface ocean dataset. It is formed by merging many national and international data sources that contain measurements and visual observations from ships (merchant, navy, research), moored and drifting buoys, coastal stations, and other marine and near-surface ocean platforms. Each marine report contains individual observations of meteorological and oceanographic variables, such as sea surface and air temperatures, wind, pressure, humidity, and cloudiness. The coverage is global and sampling density varies depending on date and geographic position relative to shipping routes and ocean observing systems.

The latest Release 3.0 (R3.0) of ICOADS covers 1662-2014, and is coupled with improved "preliminary" monthly data and product extensions past 2014. R3.0 includes changes designed to enable more effective exchange of information describing data quality between ICOADS, reanalysis centers, data set developers, scientists and the public. These user-driven innovations include the assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each marine report, to enable tracing of observations, linking with reports and improved data sharing. Other revisions and extensions of the International Maritime Meteorological Archive (IMMA) common data format incorporate new near-surface oceanographic data elements and cloud parameters. Many new input data and metadata sources have been assembled, and updates and improvements to existing data sources, or removal of erroneous data, made.

国际综合海洋大气数据集（ICOADS）是一个全球性的海洋海洋气象及表面海洋数据集。该数据集由多个国家及国际数据源合并而成，包括来自商船、海军、研究船、锚定浮标、漂流浮标、海岸站以及其他海洋及近海平台所进行的测量和视觉观测。每一份海洋报告包含了气象和海洋变量（如海面和空气温度、风速、气压、湿度和云量）的个别观测。该数据集的覆盖范围是全球性的，且采样密度随日期和地理位置的不同而变化，具体与航运路线和海洋观测系统相关。最新的3.0版（R3.0）的ICOADS覆盖了1662年至2014年的数据，并与改进的“初步”月度数据和2014年之后的扩展产品相结合。R3.0的修订旨在促进ICOADS、再分析中心、数据集开发者、科学家及公众之间关于数据质量描述信息交流的有效性。这些由用户驱动的创新包括为每一份海洋报告分配一个唯一的标识符（UID），以实现观测的追踪、报告的链接和改进的数据共享。其他对国际海事气象档案（IMMA）通用数据格式的修订和扩展纳入了新的近海海洋学数据元素和云参数。已汇集了许多新的输入数据和元数据来源，并对现有数据源进行了更新和改进，或删除了错误数据。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

ICOADS Release 3是一个全球海洋气象和表层海洋综合数据集，覆盖1662-2026年，包含多种平台观测的气象和海洋学变量。该数据集采用改进的数据格式和质量控制方法，具有独特的数据标识系统和广泛的时间空间覆盖范围。