Cultivation drives coordinated multitrophic reorganization of soil biota in temperate black soils

This dataset contains bacterial, fungal, protistan, and soil invertebrate community data generated from amplicon sequencing of 205 topsoil samples collected from cultivated and non-cultivated black soils in Northeast China. Bacterial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, fungal communities using ITS sequencing, protistan communities using 18S rRNA gene sequencing, and invertebrate communities using COI metabarcoding. The dataset includes sample-by-OTU abundance matrices, taxonomic annotation tables, sample metadata, and associated soil and climatic variables. These data were used to assess alpha and beta diversity, community composition, community dispersion, cross-trophic coupling, spatial synchrony, community assembly processes, and environmental drivers under contrasting land-use conditions.