Table_1_National Strategies for Preventing and Managing Non-communicable Diseases in Selected Countries.DOCX

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and are responsible for a high burden of disease. Many countries have developed national strategies for the management and prevention of NCDs to improve the care of chronically ill people or prevent NCDs. This article aims to provide an overview of national NCD strategies from selected countries and their implementation. The focus was on cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes type II, and depression. A comprehensive, structured hand search was conducted in various databases and websites for national strategies on the 4 NCDs. According to pre-defined criteria, 18 strategies from 8 countries (Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Finland, Ireland, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia) were selected. The included NCD strategies differ considerably in terms of level of detail, structure and implementation. All strategies include information on planned activities, but only a few provide detailed information on these interventions, including their evaluation. A structured approach from the macro to the micro level seems crucial for a comprehensive, coordinated overall policy. Strategies should be evaluated regularly using appropriate methods to measure target achievement. For the prevention and management of NCDs, it is important to start in early childhood and to adequately consider the social determinants of health with a “Health in All Policies” approach.

非传染性疾病（NCDs）是全球死亡的主要原因，并导致了沉重的疾病负担。许多国家已制定国家战略以管理和预防NCDs，旨在改善慢性病患者的护理或预防NCDs的发生。本文旨在概述选定国家（德国、瑞士、荷兰、芬兰、爱尔兰、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚）的国家NCD战略及其实施情况。研究重点在于心血管疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病、2型糖尿病和抑郁症。研究人员在多个数据库和网站上进行了全面的、结构化的手工搜索，以寻找针对4种NCDs的国家战略。根据预先设定的标准，从8个国家中选出了18项策略。所包含的NCD策略在细节程度、结构和实施方面存在显著差异。所有策略均包含关于计划活动的信息，但仅有少数提供了关于这些干预措施的详细信息，包括其评估。从宏观到微观层面的结构化方法似乎对于全面、协调的整体政策至关重要。应定期使用适当的方法对策略进行评估，以衡量目标的实现情况。在预防和管理NCDs方面，重要的是从儿童早期开始，并充分考虑到健康的社会决定因素，采用“健康融入所有政策”的方法。