Data from: An essential role of the intraparietal sulcus in response inhibition predicted by parcellation-based network

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) features close anatomical and
functional relationships with the prefrontal cortex. However, the
necessity of the PPC in executive functions has been questioned. The
present study employed the stop-signal task to examine response
inhibition, an executive function that inhibits prepotent response
tendency. The brain activity and resting-state functional connectivity
were measured to analyze a parcellation-based network that was aimed at
identifying a candidate PPC region essential for response inhibition in
humans. The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was activated during response
inhibition and connected with the inferior frontal cortex and the
presupplementary motor area, the two frontal regions known to be necessary
for response inhibition. Next, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was
used to test the essential role of the IPS region for response inhibition.
TMS over the IPS region prolonged the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT),
the standard behavioral index used to evaluate stopping performance, when
stimulation was applied 30 to 0 msec before stopping. On the contrary,
stimulation over the temporoparietal junction region, an area activated
during response inhibition but lacking connectivity with the two frontal
regions, did not show changes in SSRT. These results indicate that the IPS
identified using the parcellation-based network plays an essential role in
executive functions.