Nano-Fe2O3 addition to municipal wastewater could save carbon source for biological nitrogen removal

The low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in municipal wastewater poses a significant challenge for biological nitrogen removal, often requiring the addition of external carbon sources to achieve efficient denitrification. This study investigates the potential of hematite nanoparticles to enhance denitrification and improve carbon source utilization in a bioreactor treating low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio wastewater. In the specific experimental process, the reactor without the addition of nano-iron oxide was labeled as the control group (C), and the reactor with the addition of nano-iron oxide was marked as the experimental group (E).