REQUIREMENTS FOR TRACTOR PLOWS AND THEIR OPERATING CONDITIONS

This study presents a systematic analysis of the requirements imposed on tractor-mounted and trailed plows, including soil engagement conditions, draft force characteristics, working depth regulation, furrow quality standards, and frame rigidity criteria. The physical basis of soil cutting and inversion mechanics is examined in relation to moldboard geometry and share profile design. Experimental data from field trials conducted on loam and clay-loam soils at working depths of 20–30 cm are presented and analyzed. Results demonstrate that compliance with standardized requirements for share hardness (HRC 52–58), clearance angles (15–25°), and tractor–plow power matching reduces specific draft energy consumption by 18–24% and extends operational service life by 30–40% compared to non-compliant configurations. The findings provide practical guidelines for plow selection, adjustment, and maintenance under diverse agro-technical conditions.