Data set for Full-spectrum in-situ sensing buoy for surface water quality monitoring and pollution tracking.

This dataset comprises optical spectrum data and comprehensive water quality parameters, including turbidity, colorfulness, and nitrate composition, collected from diverse aquatic ecosystems in China: Weijin River, Jingye Lake, Xinkai Lake, Qingnian Lake (Tianjin), and the Huangbizhuang Reservoir (Shijiazhuang). The data were obtained using an innovative full-spectrum in-situ sensing buoy designed for real-time monitoring of surface water quality and pollution tracking. The dataset also includes multivariate statistical analyses such as PCA and FA, enabling insights into pollution sources and water quality patterns.