Data from: Habitat restoration benefits wild bees: a meta-analysis

1.Pollinator conservation is of increasing interest in light of managed honeybee (Apis mellifera) declines, and declines in some species of wild bees. Much work has gone into understanding the effects of habitat enhancements in agricultural systems on wild bee abundance, richness, and pollination services. However, the effects of ecological restoration targeting “natural” ecological endpoints (e.g., restoring former agricultural fields to historic vegetation types or improving degraded natural lands) on wild bees have received relatively little attention, despite their potential importance for countering habitat loss. 2.We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of ecological restoration on wild bee abundance and richness, focusing on unmanaged bee communities in lands restored and managed to increase habitat availability and quality. Specifically, we assessed bee abundance and/or richness across studies comparing restored vs. unrestored treatments and studies investigating effects of specific habitat restoration techniques, such as burning, grazing, invasive plant removal and seeding. 3.We analysed 28 studies that met our selection criteria: these represented 11 habitat types and 7 restoration techniques. Nearly all restorations associated with these studies were performed without explicit consideration of habitat needs for bees or other pollinators. The majority of restorations targeted plant community goals, which could potentially have ancillary benefits for bees. 4.Restoration had overall positive effects on wild bee abundance and richness across multiple habitat types. Specific restoration actions, tested independently, also tended to have positive effects on wild bee richness and abundance. 5.Synthesis and applications. We found strong evidence that ecological restoration advances wild bee conservation. This is important given that habitat loss is recognized as a leading factor in pollinator decline. Pollinator responses to land management are rarely evaluated in non-agricultural settings and so support for wild bees may be an underappreciated benefit of botanically focused management. Future restoration projects that explicitly consider the needs of wild bees could be more effective at providing nesting, foraging and other habitat resources. We encourage land managers to design and evaluate restoration projects with the habitat needs of wild bee species in mind.1. 授粉昆虫（Pollinator）保护因商业化饲养的西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）以及部分野生蜂类物种的种群衰退而受到越来越多的关注。当前已有大量研究聚焦于农业系统中的生境改善对野生蜂类丰度、物种丰富度以及授粉服务的影响。然而，针对以“自然”生态目标为导向的生态修复（ecological restoration，例如将昔日农田恢复为历史植被类型，或是修复退化自然生境）对野生蜂类的影响，尽管其在抵消生境丧失方面具备潜在价值，相关研究却相对匮乏。 2. 本研究开展了一项元分析（meta-analysis），旨在评估生态修复对野生蜂类丰度与物种丰富度的影响，重点关注在修复并管理以提升生境可获得性与质量的区域内的未管理蜂类群落。具体而言，我们对比了修复组与未修复组的相关研究，以及探究火烧、放牧、入侵植物清除、播种等特定生境修复技术影响的研究，以此评估蜂类丰度和/或物种丰富度。 3. 我们共分析了28项符合筛选标准的研究，这些研究涵盖11种生境类型与7种修复技术。几乎所有纳入研究的修复项目均未明确考虑蜂类或其他授粉昆虫的生境需求。绝大多数修复项目以植物群落为目标，这或可为蜂类带来附带益处。 4. 在多种生境类型中，生态修复整体上对野生蜂类丰度与物种丰富度均产生了积极影响。单独测试的特定修复措施，同样往往对野生蜂类的丰富度与丰度呈现积极作用。 5. 综合与应用。我们发现充分证据表明，生态修复可助力野生蜂类保护。鉴于生境丧失被公认为授粉昆虫衰退的核心诱因之一，这一发现具有重要意义。当前针对土地管理的授粉昆虫响应评估极少在非农业场景中开展，因此以植物为核心的管理措施对野生蜂类的增益效果可能未得到充分重视。未来若能在修复项目中明确考量野生蜂类的生境需求，将能更有效地提供筑巢、觅食及其他生境资源。我们呼吁土地管理者在设计与评估修复项目时，将野生蜂类物种的生境需求纳入考量范畴。