BENGALI LITERATURE'S EVOLUTION UNDER MUSLIM RULE IN BENGAL: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES

Bengal's history dates back to ancient times, with various dynasties and a diverse population. The term "Bangala" originated from a non-Aryan tribe, and the region was populated by Aryans during the post-Vedic era. The arrival of Muslims and a diverse amalgamation of racial groups contributed to its ethnically heterogeneous composition. The Islamic system of education and the Persian language played a significant role in Bengal's development. The Ancient Indian Aryan Language Period, from 1250 B.C. to 500 B.C., saw the spread of Sanskrit and the development of Prakrit. Bengali language and literature can be traced back to Apabhramsha, with the first known instance dating back to Charyyagitika. The Senas, who followed Brahmin culture and Hindu religion, disrupted the Bengali language's trajectory due to the decline of the Pala dynasty, the Senas' ascendance, and the destruction of Buddhist monuments. Muslim invasion in Bengal facilitated the development of Bengali literature, with the Rikhta Style being created by saint-poet Nur Kutb-i Alam. During Muslim rule, Bengali literature experienced significant development and reputation, with local poets and musicians producing diverse works in Bengali, drawing inspiration from Perso-Arabic and indigenous sources. The Romantic, Dobhasi, Heroic, Elegiac, and Mystic traditions also played significant roles in shaping Bengali literature.