Performance evaluation of all experiments.

Surveillance systems are integral to ensuring public safety by detecting unusual incidents, yet existing methods often struggle with accuracy and robustness. This study introduces an advanced framework for anomaly recognition in surveillance, leveraging deep learning to address these challenges and achieve significant improvements over current techniques. The framework begins with preprocessing input images using histogram equalization to enhance feature visibility. It then employs two DCNNs for feature extraction: a novel 63-layer CNN, “Up-to-the-Minute-Net,” and the established Inception-Resnet-v2. The features extracted by both models are fused and optimized through two sophisticated feature selection techniques: Dragonfly and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The optimization process involves rigorous experimentation with 5- and 10-fold cross-validation to evaluate performance across various feature sets. The proposed approach achieves an unprecedented 99.9% accuracy in 5-fold cross-validation using the GA optimizer with 2500 selected features, demonstrating a substantial leap in accuracy compared to existing methods. This study’s contribution lies in its innovative combination of deep learning models and advanced feature optimization techniques, setting a new benchmark in the field of anomaly recognition for surveillance systems and showcasing the potential for practical real-world applications.