Europinions: Public Opinion Survey

Attitudes towards the European Union; agreement with different EU items (The EU should return to concentrating on economic issues, a group of core EU countries should work more closely together, more EU decisions should be taken through referenda, if Turkey fulfills the requirements, it should be allowed to become a member of the EU); EU-exit referendum: country should remain or leave the European Union; attitude towards a referendum about country´s EU membership; evaluation of the President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker regarding leadership, empathy, reliability, competence, and personal appeal; EU Turkey battery: attitude towards a possible future EU-membership of Turkey; agreement with different statements Turkey can never become a member of the EU, Turkish membership of the EU would have more negative than positive consequences for respondent´s country/ for the EU/ for respondent´s personal situation, geographically/ economically and culturally, Turkey is part of Europe); EP candidate evaluation: knowledge of the following candidates for President of the European Commission: Manfred Weber, Frans Timmermans, Guy Verhofstadt, Margarethe Vestager, Bas Eickhout, Ska Keller, Jan Zahradil); evaluation of these candidates regarding leadership, empathy, reliability, competence, and personal appeal; attitude towards EU solidarity for other member states facing economic difficulties; preferences towards the future of the EU (EU dissolve, small union, economy, different speeds, status quo, democratic reforms, integration, EU state) (rank top three); overall position towards European integration; country specific party list: propensity to vote for different political parties; closeness to a particular political party and strength of party identification; vote intention national election; certainty of voting for this party; vote intention European Parliament Elections; certainty of voting for this party; left-right self-placement; party voted for in the last general election; turnout European Parliament Elections; vote choice European Parliament Elections; vote intention local elections; certainty of voting for this party; party voted for in the last local elections; kind of political participation in the last year; media exposure: frequency of media use in a typical week (newspapers, television news programs, online news sources, social media platforms); receiving of push messages on smartphone or computer; extend of used news on the following platforms in the past weeks compared to normally (television news, national newspapers, regional newspapers, online news sources, news via social media, radio news); news attention on the following topics: domestic politics, EU, environment, sports, immigration and refugees; interpersonal communication: frequency of discussions about EU politics with family and/ or close friends, colleagues, acquaintances and/ or neighbors, people online (e.g., on social media); frequency of differences of opinion about the EU in interpersonal communication; news engagement: way of sharing or participating in news coverage; agreement with different statements on personalized news; political interest (general); interest in EU politics; political efficacy (internal and external); political knowledge (general): party which came out as the largest in the last national elections (country specific); current minister of finance of the country; years of government term in the country; number of EU-member states; president of the European Commission; political knowledge (current): parties involved in the current coalition negotiations; EU member state that will be the temporary chair of the EU from 1.1.2018; EU-measure to protect the environment; country which budget plan has recently been rejected by the European Commission; policy area which is addressed in an article that has been passed by the European Parliament at the end of March 2019; biggest European political group in the European Parliament after the European elections; evaluation of the general economic situation as compared to 12 months ago in the country, in the EU and for the respondent personally; expectations for the economic situation in the next 12 months in the country, in the EU and for the respondent personally; satisfaction with government; satisfaction with the government´s handling of European integration; satisfaction with democracy in the country and in the European Union; extent of political trust (parliament, politicians, political parties, legal system, police, government, EU); media trust: agreement with different statements regarding the media in the country (you can trust the news/ most news organizations/ journalist most of the time, the news media are independent from undue political or government influence most of the time, the news media are independent from undue business or commercial influence most of the time, the news media are far removed from ordinary people’s opinions, the news media promote their own political agenda, the news media give a biased view of reality); Populist attitudes (the ordinary people instead of politicians should make our most important policy decisions, politicians in the government are corrupt, politicians make decisions that harm the interests of the ordinary people, immigrants are threatening the purity of our culture, our Dutch borders should be closed for immigrants, social benefits, such as unemployment benefits and health insurance benefits, are given to people who don’t really deserve it); Euro-populist attitudes (the ordinary people instead of EU politicians should make our most important policy decisions, EU Politicians are corrupt, EU Politicians make decisions that harm the interests of the ordinary people, Exclusionism: EU Immigrants are threatening the purity of our culture, our Dutch borders should be closed for EU immigrants, Social benefits, such as unemployment benefits and health insurance benefits, are given to people EU citizens who don’t really deserve it); Immigration attitudes (Immigrants abuse country´s social welfare system, because they take more out than they put in, Immigrants are a threat to the security of (nationality) people, the religious practices of immigrants enrich the (nationality) way of life and its traditions, immigrants are an important cause of crime in the country, immigration is good for the national labour market); Globalization attitudes (People like me experience mostly disadvantages of the opening up of the world economy, I feel threatened by globalization, because of globalization, the country is at risk of losing too much of its individuality, Globalization is a threat to country´s employment). Political cynicism (almost all politicians will sell out their ideals or break their promises if it will increase their power, most politicians are in politics for what they can get out of it personally, most politicians are truthful with the voters, most politicians are dedicated and we should be grateful to them for the work they do). Civic duty to vote (It´s every citizen´s duty to vote in an election, I would be seriously neglecting my duty as a citizen if I didn´t vote, I feel a sense of satisfaction when I vote, I would feel very guilty if I didn´t vote in an election). Values (large differences in people’s incomes are acceptable to properly reward differences in talents and efforts, gay men and lesbians should be free to live their own life as they wish, people who break the law should be given much harsher sentences than they are these days, ideally, there would be no borders in the world, the government should take measures to reduce differences in income levels, the government should cut social services to be able to lower taxes). Personality: Openness (have a vivid imagination, I am not interested in abstract ideas, Have difficulty understanding abstract ideas, do not have a good imagination); Conscientiousness (get chores done right away, Like order, make a mess of things, often forget to put things back in their proper place); Extraversion: I am the life of the party, talk to a lot of different people in parties, don´t talk a lot, keep in the background); Agreeableness (sympathize with others’ feelings, feel others’ emotions, I am not interested in other people’s problems, I am not really interested in others); Neuroticism (Get upset easily, have frequent mood swings, I am relaxed most of the time, seldom feel blue). Need for cognition (I find satisfaction in deliberating hard and for long hours, The notion of thinking abstractly is appealing to me, I really enjoy a task that involves coming up with new solutions to problems, I like tasks that require much thought and mental effort). Need to evaluate (I want to know exactly what is good and bad about everything, I have many more opinions than the average person, it bothers me to remain neutral, I would rather have a strong opinion than no opinion at all). Attachment to the city/ town/ village, to the country and to Europe; respondent´s country of birth; country of birth of father and mother (migration background). Demography: sex; age; highest level of education (recoded into ESS Codes, recoded into 8 ISCED11 levels, recoded into ES-ISCED); region; urbanization; religiosity; denomination; self-assessment of household´s standard of living; employment status; occupation. Additionally coded were: Respondent ID; survey date; time stamp; question order; data directive knowledge W3; Push messages W1. Issue ownership: Salience: importance of the issues Europe, immigration, social welfare, economy and terrorism for respondent´s voting decision in the EP elections; competence: country specific party competence in dealing with each of these five issues; level: decision level for these five issues (national level vs. European level); issue importance: importance of the following issues for the respondent personally: European Union, environment, social welfare, economy, immigration, and education; altruism: feeling of concern about the living conditions of: immediate family, people in the neighborhood, fellow countrymen, Europeans, all humans all over the word, elderly people in the country, immigrants in the country, and unemployed people in the country; EU position in Catalonia conflict; privacy concern; EU data directive; online-self-efficacy; data sharing, EP elections (citizen preferences); EU performance in refugee crisis; EU immigration policy; policy positions (asylum and budget); misinformation/ electoral integrity; regulation (election time); Nieuwsuur EU items; EU summit June 19 (EC president procedure); exposure to party communication (social media); Selmayr affair awareness; Zondag met Lubach exposure; political satire; Brexit (dis)advantages; UK participation EP elections; public broadcasting attitudes; attitudes to political microtargeting; misinformation; disinformation; misinformation source; disinformation source; fake news; susceptibility; misinformation topics, left-right bias information; alternative media sources; factual versus opinion statements; ADM decision-making; ADM accuracy; Campaign exposure/ participation; importance of advertisement during campaign.