Table_4_Assessment of yield performances for grain sorghum varieties by AMMI and GGE biplot analyses.docx

Grain sorghum is an exceptional source of dietary nutrition with outstanding economic values. Breeding of grain sorghum can be slowed down by the occurrence of genotype × environment interactions (GEI) causing biased estimation of yield performance in multi-environments and therefore complicates direct phenotypic selection of superior genotypes. Multi-environment trials by randomized complete block design with three replications were performed on 13 newly developed grain sorghum varieties at seven test locations across China for two years. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype + genotype × environment (GGE) biplot models were adopted to uncover GEI patterns and effectively identify high-yielding genotypes with stable performance across environments. Yield (YLD), plant height (PH), days to maturity (DTM), thousand seed weight (TSW), and panicle length (PL) were measured. Statistical analysis showed that target traits were influenced by significant GEI effects (p < 0.001), that broad-sense heritability estimates for these traits varied from 0.40 to 0.94 within the medium to high range, that AMMI and GGE biplot models captured more than 66.3% of total variance suggesting sufficient applicability of both analytic models, and that two genotypes, G3 (Liaoza No.52) and G10 (Jinza 110), were identified as the superior varieties while one genotype, G11 (Jinza 111), was the locally adapted variety. G3 was the most stable variety with highest yielding potential and G10 was second to G3 in average yield and stability whereas G11 had best adaptation only in one test location. We recommend G3 and G10 for the production in Shenyang, Chaoyang, Jinzhou, Jinzhong, Yulin, and Pingliang, while G11 for Yili.

高粱作为一种卓越的膳食营养来源，具有显著的经济价值。由于基因型与环境互作（GEI）的存在，可能导致多环境条件下产量表现的偏估计，从而阻碍了对优良基因型的直接表型选择，因此高粱的育种进程可能受到延缓。在中国七个测试地点，对13个新开发的高粱品种进行了两年的多环境试验，采用随机完全区组设计，并设置三个重复。通过采用加性主效应和乘性互作（AMMI）以及基因型+基因型×环境（GGE）双图模型，揭示了GEI模式，并有效地识别了在多环境中表现稳定的高产基因型。测量了产量（YLD）、植株高度（PH）、成熟天数（DTM）、千粒重（TSW）和穗长（PL）。统计分析表明，目标性状受到显著的GEI效应影响（p < 0.001），这些性状的广义遗传力估计值在中等至高范围内介于0.40至0.94之间，AMMI和GGE双图模型捕捉了超过66.3%的总方差，表明这两种分析模型具有充分的适用性。同时，识别出两个基因型G3（辽杂52号）和G10（金杂110号）为优良品种，而一个基因型G11（金杂111号）为地方适应性品种。G3是稳定性最高、产量潜力最大的品种，G10在平均产量和稳定性方面仅次于G3，而G11仅在单一测试地点表现出最佳的适应性。我们建议G3和G10在沈阳、朝阳、锦州、锦县、榆林和平凉等地进行生产，而G11适用于伊犁地区。