Whole-Exome Sequencing of Kidney Transplant Recipients and Donors: Insights into End-Stage Renal Disease and Post-Transplant Genetic Risk

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is an emerging tool in kidney transplantation for identi-fying the genetic basis of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), assessing donor risk, and guid-ing post-transplant management. In this prospective cohort study from Kazakhstan, WES was performed on 64 kidney transplant recipients (51 adults, 13 pediatric) and 61 donors. Analyses aimed to identify monogenic ESRD, evaluate post-transplant risk using a 355-gene Transplant Morbidity Panel, and assess rejection-related immune polymor-phisms.