Diversification of <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> L. complex in the Italian peninsula and adjacent islands^†

There is an increasing interest in the taxonomy and distribution of the forms of the <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> complex. The information accruing from specimens collected in the Italian peninsula and surrounding islands (Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and Malta) is here described. Eleven morphotypes were recorded: ‘<i>P. cypria</i>’, ‘<i>P. granulatostellulata</i>’, ‘<i>P. nitida</i>’, ‘<i>P. oleracea</i>’, ‘<i>P. papillatostellulata</i>’, ‘<i>P. rausii</i>’, ‘<i>P. sardoa</i>’, ‘<i>P. sativa</i>’, ‘<i>P. sicula</i>’, ‘<i>P. trituberculata</i>’, ‘<i>P. zaffranii</i>’ and a still unclear form <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> f. Three occur in almost all the Italian peninsula and adjacent islands; three are scattered in the Italian peninsula and in the adjacent islands; the remnant have a distribution restricted to the islands such as Sicily and Sardinia. The morphotypes can be divided into two main categories: seeds smooth, without ornamentations; seeds with ornamentations. The morphotypes with ornamentations are more widespread than smooth ones, probably because seed ornamentations play an important role in seed dispersal, which is perhaps mainly anthropochorous given that <i>P. oleracea</i> is a synanthropic species that can tolerate mechanical disturbance. There are cases of multiple occurrence, as evidenced by the presence of different morphotypes in some of the sites. Such populations can count up to five morphotypes growing together. Seven morphotypes were here recorded from Malta; they are all hexaploid, even those which in other areas are tetraploid.人们对马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea）复合群各类群的分类学与分布格局的关注度与日俱增。本文记述了采自意大利半岛及其周边岛屿（西西里岛、撒丁岛、科西嘉岛与马耳他）的标本所衍生的相关研究资料。本次研究共记录到11个形态型：分别为‘赛普勒斯马齿苋（P. cypria）’、‘粒状星状马齿苋（P. granulatostellulata）’、‘光亮马齿苋（P. nitida）’、‘马齿苋（P. oleracea）’、‘乳突星状马齿苋（P. papillatostellulata）’、‘劳氏马齿苋（P. rausii）’、‘撒丁马齿苋（P. sardoa）’、‘栽培马齿苋（P. sativa）’、‘西西里马齿苋（P. sicula）’、‘三疣马齿苋（P. trituberculata）’、‘扎夫兰马齿苋（P. zaffranii）’，以及1个尚未明确分类的类群——马齿苋模糊变型（Portulaca oleracea f.）。其中3个形态型几乎遍布意大利半岛及周边所有岛屿；3个形态型零散分布于意大利半岛与周边岛屿；剩余形态型的分布范围则仅局限于西西里岛、撒丁岛等岛屿。上述形态型可划分为两大主要类群：一类种子光滑无纹饰，另一类种子带有纹饰。带纹饰的形态型分布范围较光滑种子类群更广，这可能与种子纹饰在种子传播过程中发挥的重要作用有关；鉴于马齿苋是一类可耐受机械扰动的伴人植物，其种子传播大概率以人类介导的传播为主。部分调查点位存在多个形态型共存的情况，部分种群最多可同时生长5种形态型。本次研究在马耳他共记录到7个形态型，所有类群均为六倍体，而在其他区域分布的同类类群多为四倍体。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集研究了意大利半岛及邻近岛屿（如西西里岛、撒丁岛、科西嘉岛和马耳他）的Portulaca oleracea复合体多样化，记录了11种形态型，分为种子光滑和装饰两类，其中装饰型更广泛分布，可能与人类传播相关。马耳他地区的所有形态型均为六倍体，与其他地区的四倍体形态型形成对比。