Geophysical dataset across the Masoke Igneous Complex in Kanye, Botswana

The Masoke Igneous Complex, located in southeastern Botswana within the Kanye Basin, forms part of the larger Segwagwa–Masoke Igneous Ring Complex (SMIRC). It comprises steep-sided, elliptical intrusive bodies dominated by granite, diorite, syenite, and rhyolite. Radiometric dating places the crystallization of these rocks at approximately 2054 ± 9 million years ago, establishing a temporal link to the Bushveld Large Igneous Province in neighboring South Africa. The complex intrudes metasedimentary rocks of the upper Transvaal Supergroup and exhibits pronounced structural deformation, including E–W trending folds and N–S to NE–SW oriented fold systems. Geophysical modeling suggests that the Masoke intrusion extends to depths of nearly 5 kilometers and is associated with strong magnetic and gravity anomalies. These geophysical signatures point to magma emplacement along concentric fracture zones, likely formed during caldera collapse, reflecting a dynamic magmatic and tectonic history.
To investigate the subsurface architecture of the Masoke Igneous Complex, a comprehensive geophysical survey was conducted along a single North–South oriented profile. Data were acquired at uniform 4-meter station intervals using a suite of methods: Audio Magnetotellurics (AMT), gravity measurements with a CG5 gravimeter, ground magnetic survey, MaxMin electromagnetic (EM) profiling, and seismic refraction. The AMT survey was divided into nine segments, later merged into a continuous resistivity profile to enhance structural coherence and interpretability. Gravity data reveal subsurface density variations, while magnetic measurements delineate lithological contrasts and highlight zones of magnetic enrichment. MaxMin EM readings provide high-resolution insights into shallow conductivity anomalies, particularly sensitive to mineralized zones and fluid-bearing structures, complementing the deeper resistivity data from AMT. Seismic measurements contribute stratigraphic and lithological information, offering a layered view of subsurface composition. To support regional interpretation, satellite imagery and a gridded aeromagnetic map were integrated, providing broader spatial context and aiding in the identification of structural trends and geological boundaries.