Climate–Urban Interactions and Diurnal Asymmetry in Mediterranean Cities: Evidence of Regime Shifts and Implications for Urban Sustainability

This dataset and accompanying scripts support the study “Climate–Urban Interactions and Diurnal Asymmetry in Mediterranean Cities: Evidence of Regime Shifts and Implications for Urban Sustainability.” The repository contains quality-controlled observational temperature data and analysis workflows used to investigate long-term urban warming patterns across twelve Mediterranean coastal cities over the period 1990–2020. The dataset includes daily minimum and maximum temperature time series derived from the NOAA Integrated Surface Database (ISD), processed to ensure temporal consistency and data reliability. The analytical framework integrates non-parametric trend detection methods (Mann–Kendall test with trend-free prewhitening and Sen’s slope), diurnal asymmetry diagnostics, extreme temperature indices (TX90p and TN90p), and structural break detection using the Pettitt change-point test. Additional analyses include segmented regression and Monte Carlo simulations to assess the robustness and temporal synchronization of detected regime shifts. The repository is organized into structured directories (Data, Scripts, Results, and Maps) to facilitate transparency and reproducibility. Python scripts are provided for all major analytical steps, including data preprocessing, trend analysis, extreme index computation, breakpoint detection, and figure generation. This dataset enables full reproducibility of the results presented in the manuscript and supports further research on climate–urban interactions, urban heat exposure, energy demand, and climate-resilient urban planning in Mediterranean environments.