National Surface Temperature Dataset for United States

We present a high-resolution surface temperature dataset for the continental United States, derived from Landsat 8 and 9 Collection 2 Level 2 (C2L2) data. Our workflow identifies and processes 5,911 summer scenes (May to August) with a maximum of 15% cloud cover, using Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) images from May 1, 2013, to August 31, 2023. The dataset ensures national coverage by leveraging the centroids of the Worldwide Reference System-2 (WRS-2) footprints, with up to 13 cloud-free scenes per centroid. The final dataset, stored in a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF5) file, contains unmodified land surface temperature (LST) values from the original C2L2 files. The median surface temperature is also calculated across all available data for each pixel. Despite minor edge effects and occasional gaps due to cloud cover, the dataset provides a comprehensive surface temperature raster suitable for national-scale projects. This resource is crucial for understanding surface temperature variability across the United States and supports research on urban heat, environmental changes, and ecosystem assessments.本研究构建了一套适用于美国本土的高分辨率地表温度数据集，该数据集源自Landsat 8与Landsat 9的Collection 2 Level 2（C2L2）数据。本研究的处理流程筛选并处理了2013年5月1日至2023年8月31日期间的Landsat陆地成像仪（Operational Land Imager, OLI）影像，共包含5911景夏季（5月至8月）影像，单景云量上限为15%。本数据集依托世界参考系统2（Worldwide Reference System-2, WRS-2）足迹的质心实现全国覆盖，每个质心对应最多13景无云影像。最终数据集以单一分层数据格式（Hierarchical Data Format, HDF5）文件存储，保留了原始C2L2文件中未经过修改的陆地地表温度（Land Surface Temperature, LST）数值，并针对每个像素的所有可用数据计算了地表温度中位数。尽管存在轻微的边缘效应以及因云覆盖导致的偶发数据空缺，本数据集仍提供了一套适用于国家级项目的完整地表温度栅格数据。该数据集对于解析美国全境地表温度变化特征至关重要，可为城市热效应、环境变化以及生态系统评估等相关研究提供有力支撑。