Response of birds to mixed forests structure

We compared bird diversity and abundance between protected natural and managed forests representing temperate mixed forests of Central Europe dominated by beech, spruce, and fir. The bird census was performed in 2021 and 2022 using the point-count method at 173 census points (88 in strictly protected areas; 85 in commercial forests) along with habitat surveys focused on potentially most important habitat variables that influence habitat selection of birds.