Municipality-year panel dataset: Deforestation, climate, agricultural production, and environmental enforcement in Brazil's Legal Amazon (2010–2023)

This dataset contains a municipality-year panel for 634 municipalities in Brazil's Legal Amazon, covering the period 2010–2023. It integrates four publicly available sources: annual clear-cut deforestation from INPE/PRODES (km²), municipal GDP and agricultural gross value added from IBGE's Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios (R$ thousands, current prices), gridded annual precipitation (mm) and mean temperature (°C) from TerraClimate aggregated to municipal boundaries using area-weighted means, and counts of flora-related IBAMA infraction notices (non-cancelled) from IBAMA's open-data portal. The panel includes log-transformed and constructed variables used in the econometric analysis, including a post-2018 indicator and an arc-of-deforestation classifier. The dataset supports the empirical analysis reported in the accompanying article, which tests whether the conditional relationships between deforestation and its climate, production, and governance determinants changed structurally after 2018. The regression sample used in the article covers 2010–2021 (constrained by availability of IBGE municipal accounts). The dataset is provided in both Stata (.dta) and CSV formats, accompanied by a README file describing all variables. All source data are publicly accessible.
Keywords:
Deforestation; Brazilian Amazon; Land-use change; Environmental governance; IBAMA enforcement; PRODES; Municipal panel data; Climate variables; Agricultural value added