Replication Data for: "Does Wartime Violence Increase Religiosity?"

Religious traditions are frequently turned to for meaning and support during crises, yet the impact of war on religiosity remains contested. Existing studies report religious resurgence and disillusionment, but most focus on single countries or conflicts. Using an Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis (IPD-MA) of 67 datasets from 27 armed conflicts, we synthesize evidence on whether exposure to wartime violence is associated with religiosity. We find that greater exposure is linked to increased religiosity, with effects concentrated in public practices such as service attendance and participation in religious organizations rather than in the strength of private beliefs. We also find that increased religious participation parallels increased involvement in nonreligious civic and social organizations, suggesting that wartime exposure mobilizes broader collective engagement rather than religion-specific engagement. These results help reconcile mixed findings, indicating that postconflict increases in religious activity reflect expanded communal participation more than strengthened personal faith.