Full-body models with detailed thoracolumbar spine for children and adolescents

We created a total of 26 children and adolescent full-body models (a male and female model for each year of age between 6 and 18 years), consisting of a detailed and fully articulated thoracolumbar spine and rib cage, a lumped head and neck body as well as upper and lower extremities. Initial version (compatible with OpenSim 3.3):Male and female versions of our previously developed and validated “thoracolumbar spine and rib cage model” (https://simtk.org/projects/spine_ribcage) were combined with the “Gait2354 model” (https://simtk-confluence.stanford.edu/display/OpenSim/Gait+2392+and+2354+Models) and adjusted for segmental length and mass distributions, center of mass positions and moments of inertia of the major body segments, sagittal pelvis and spinal alignment as well as trunk muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) based on data obtained from the literature. The models were validated by comparing predictions of maximal trunk muscle strength, lumbar disc compressibility, intradiscal pressure and trunk muscle activity to in vivo measurements reported in the literature (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.049).Latest version (compatible with OpenSim 4.x):Male and female versions of the most recent release of the thoracolumbar spine and rib cage model (Fullbody_OS4.x_v2.0; https://simtk.org/projects/spine_ribcage) were adjusted for segmental length and mass distributions, center of mass positions and moments of inertia of the major body segments, sagittal pelvis and spinal alignment as well as trunk muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) based on data obtained from the literature. In addition, the abdomen body was realigned, and the muscle tendon-to-fiber length ratios were adjusted to the new total muscle length resulting from the implementation of age-specific sagittal alignment. <br/><br/>This project includes the following software/data packages: <br/> <ul> <li> <a href="https://simtk.org/frs?group_id=1678#pack_2336">Spine_children_models_OS4.x </a> : This package contains the files of the male and female full-body models including a detailed thoracolumbar spine for children and adolescents aged 6-18 years, which are compatible with OpenSim 4.x. </li> <li> <a href="https://simtk.org/frs?group_id=1678#pack_2140">Spine_children_models_OS3.3 </a> : This package contains the files of the male and female full-body models including a detailed thoracolumbar spine for children and adolescents aged 6-18 years, which are compatible with OpenSim 3.3. </li> </ul>

本团队精心构建了一套总计26个儿童与青少年全身模型（涵盖6至18岁年龄段的男女模型各一），模型包含详尽且完全可动的胸腰椎及胸廓，以及简化的头部和颈部躯干以及上肢和下肢。该初始版本（与OpenSim 3.3兼容）：将先前开发并验证的“胸腰椎及胸廓模型”（https://simtk.org/projects/spine_ribcage）的男女版本与“Gait2354模型”（https://simtk-confluence.stanford.edu/display/OpenSim/Gait+2392+and+2354+Models）相结合，并依据文献数据对段长度和质量分布、主要身体部位的质心位置和惯性矩、矢状骨盆和脊柱对齐以及躯干肌肉横截面积（CSA）进行了调整。模型通过将最大躯干肌肉力量、腰椎间盘压缩性、椎间盘内压力和躯干肌肉活动度的预测结果与文献中报道的体内测量值进行比较（https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.049）进行验证。最新版本（与OpenSim 4.x兼容）：对胸腰椎及胸廓模型的最新发布版本（Fullbody_OS4.x_v2.0；https://simtk.org/projects/spine_ribcage）进行了段长度和质量分布、主要身体部位的质心位置和惯性矩、矢状骨盆和脊柱对齐以及躯干肌肉横截面积（CSA）的调整，并基于文献数据重新对腹部躯干进行对齐，调整肌肉肌腱与纤维长度的比例，以适应因实施年龄特定矢状对齐而产生的新的总肌肉长度。此外，本项目包含以下软件/数据包：

- [Spine_children_models_OS4.x](https://simtk.org/frs?group_id=1678#pack_2336)：此软件包包含6-18岁儿童和青少年男女全身模型的文件，包括详细的胸腰椎，且与OpenSim 4.x兼容。
- [Spine_children_models_OS3.3](https://simtk.org/frs?group_id=1678#pack_2140)：此软件包包含6-18岁儿童和青少年男女全身模型的文件，包括详细的胸腰椎，且与OpenSim 3.3兼容。