Advances in the construction of adsorption sites for noxious gases on carbon-based materials

In sudden atmospheric pollution incidents, complex mixtures of highly concentrated and toxic pollutants pose severe health risks to emergency investigation and rescue personnel. Among available control technologies, the adsorption method is simple to operate and responds immediately, matching the demand for technical practicability and rapidity in emergency protection. Carbon-based materials, known for their high specific surface area, rich pore structures and modifiable surface chemical properties, show great potential for synergistic adsorption of multi-component pollutants. This review examines the adsorption mechanisms of typical noxious gases, including acidic gases, basic gases and volatile organic compounds. Furthermore, the strategy of constructing efficient adsorption sites on the surface of carbon-based materials through optimization of pore structure, regulation of surface functional groups and introduction of metal sites was elaborated. The synergistic optimization pathways of constructing composite adsorption sites for capturing multi-component noxious gases were summarized, providing theoretical support for developing advanced composite adsorption materials and emergency protection equipment.