Raw RNA-seq data of overexpression and knockout mutant lines for the rice gene OsVAL2.

Crop production is persistently threatened by a multitude of destructive diseases. In rice, the Ca2+ sensor RESISTANCE OF RICE TO DISEASES1 (ROD1) is a key regulator of defense against major pathogens, including those causing blast, sheath blight, and bacterial blight. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ROD1-mediated immune suppression remain largely elusive. Here, we characterize an immune signalling cascade comprising the B3-domain transcription factor OsVAL2, the DOF transcription factor OsDOF3, as well as their downstream target OsCSE encoding a caffeoyl shikimate esterase. We demonstrate that the OsVAL2-OsDOF3-OsCSE module promotes lignin deposition and cell wall fortification to confer broad-spectrum disease resistance. ROD1 interacts with and sequesters OsVAL2 in the cytoplasm, thereby preventing its nuclear translocation and subsequent initiation of this immune program. Our findings reveal a spatiotemporal regulatory mechanism that maintains immune homeostasis, highlighting the crucial role of cell wall remodelling in crop disease resistance. Overall design: RNA-seq analysis was conducted on leaves collected from field-grown rice plants at the pre-heading stage, including OsVAL2 overexpression (Ubi_OsVAL2_FLAG) and gene knockout (CR_osval2) materials.Besides this, there were no additional treatments.