Seasonality, vegetation structure, and prey location modulate predation rates in the field margins of horticultural farms

Farm management, field margin vegetation, and predator foraging preferences can all shape biological pest control. We examined the interactive effects of agroecological vs. conventional practices, woody vs. herbaceous margins, and prey location (ground vs. plant) on predation rates in two contrasting seasons. Predation by arthropods, rodents, and birds was quantified in field margins using artificial caterpillars. Predation rates were similar in both management practices, highlighting the role of these semi-natural areas as refuges of predators. Overall, predation was higher in the summer, in herbaceous margins, and on the ground, with variations in the contribution of predator groups. Predator groups exhibited spatial and temporal complementarity, as evidenced by their differential contributions across vegetation types, prey locations, and seasons.