A Multi-Pollutant Emissions Inventory for Air Pollution Modeling and Supporting Information for Kampala

This paper is under review

Abstract:

Kampala, the political and economic capital of Uganda and one of the fastest urbanising cities in sub-Saharan Africa, is experiencing a deteriorating trend in air quality with emissions from multiple diffused local sources like transportation, domestic and outdoor cooking, and industries, and sources outside the city airshed like seasonal open fires in the region. PM2.5 (particulate matter under 2.5um size) is the key pollutant of concern in the city with monthly spatial heterogeneity of 60-100 ug/m3. Outdoor air pollution is distinctly pronounced in the global south cities and lack the necessary capacity and resources to develop integrated air quality management programmes including ambient monitoring, emissions and pollution analysis, source apportionment, and preparation of clean air action plans. This paper presents an integrated assessment of air quality in Kampala drawing from ground measurements (from a hybrid network of stations), satellite observations (from NASA’s MODIS and OMI), global reanalysis fields (from GEOS-chem and CAMS simulations), high resolution (~1km) multi-pollutant emissions inventory for the airshed, WRF-CAMx based PM2.5 pollution analysis, and a qualitative review of institutional and policy environment for air quality management in Kampala. The proposed clean air action plans aim for better air quality in the region using a combination of short-, medium-, and long-term emission control measures for all the dominate sources and institutionalize pollution tracking mechanisms (like emissions and pollution monitoring and reporting) for effective management of air pollution.

This data archive serves as a supplemenary to the journal article and with a short description of the files below:

File: AQ-Kampala-Analysis-Summary.pptx (Caution: large 60MB) A composite presentation including the following

Grid summaries

Snapshots of airshed GIS files, emission activities

Summary of meteorology from WRF simulations and historical synoptics

Summaries of ambient monitoring data

CAMS reanalysis summary

Summaries of Emission inventory and WRF-CAMx modelling (annual and monthly)

Summaries of PM2.5 Source apportionment (annual and monthly)

File: grids_kampala.rarGrid file (KML and ESRI shapefiles format) for the airshed spanning 0.0N to 0.6N and 32.3E to 32.9E with a spatial resolution of 0.01deg (~1km)

File: gis_roads_from_opensteetmaps.rarESRI shapefiles of primary roads and all roads, extracted from the openstreetmapsRaw data archive @ https://download.geofabrik.de/index.html

File: gis-scanned2021image-quarries.kmlKML file of quarries scanned using the imagery on Google Earth platform

File: population_kampala_2000-2022.csvGridded population data 2000 to 2022Raw data archive is from LANDSCAN - https://landscan.ornl.gov

File: Monitoring-Kampala_USEmbassy_2017-2024.xlsxSummary of monitoring data collected at the US Embassy in KampalaRaw data archive is @ https://www.airnow.gov/international/us-embassies-and-consulates/#Uganda$Kampala

File: meteo_wrf_stats.xlsmSummary of output of WRF simulations for the Kampala region. Have to activiate macros to summarize the results by month and update the charts. The tool can be used to other cities also by changing the input data.

File: meteo_precip-era5-reanalysis.csvSummary of monthly precipitation date (mm/day) from ERA5 reanalysis fieldsRaw data archive is @ https://psl.noaa.gov/data/atmoswrit/timeseries

File: TROPOMI_EastAfrica_NO2_Maps.zipImages of monthly average TROPOMI NO2 extracts covering East Africa (Uganda and Ethiopia)Extracted from Google Earth Engine, using 10% cloud fraction

File: TROPOMI_EastAfrica_CSVs.zipCSV files of gridded monthly average NO2, SO2, HCHO, and Ozone columnar densitiesExtracted from Google Earth Engine, using 10% cloud fractionRead the data descriptions and applicability of the data for analysis before using (for example, negative numbers in the SO2 file). NO2 - https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/COPERNICUS_S5P_OFFL_L3_NO2 SO2 - https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/COPERNICUS_S5P_OFFL_L3_SO2HCHO - https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/COPERNICUS_S5P_OFFL_L3_HCHOO3 - https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/COPERNICUS_S5P_OFFL_L3_O3

File: composite_emisson_factors_gains.xlsxA composite library of emission factors for reference

File: kampala_gridded_emissions_2018.rarGridded emissions inventory for Kampala - PM25, PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, and COPM25 is speciated into FPRM, BC, and OC (sum all for PM25)PM10 is speciated into FPRM, CPRM, BC, OC (sum all for PM10)All emissions in tons/year/gridEmissions are seggragted into sectors and fuels - included in the filenames

File: kampala_gridded_modelled_monthavgp25.csvGridded PM2.5 concentrations for 2018, from WRF-CAMx modelling systemMonthly averages in ug/m3