Food Insecurity Experience Scale 2020 - Myanmar

Abstract
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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/.

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing 8 questions. Two indicators can be computed:
1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2).
2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity.

These data were collected by FAO through GeoPoll. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available in the documentations tab. Disaggregating results at sub-national level is not encouraged because estimates will suffer from substantial sampling and measurement error.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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Individuals of 15 years or older.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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A Random Digit Dialling (RDD) approach was used to form a random sample of telephone numbers. Stratified phone numbers made available from telephone service providers or administrative registers were also used to integrate RDD when needed. Socio-demographic characteristics collected in the survey were then compared with the available information from recent national surveys to verify the extent to which the sample mirrored the total population structure. In case of discrepancies, post-stratification sampling weights were computed to adjust for the under-represented populations, typically using sex and education level.
Exclusions: NA
Design effect: NA

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Cleaning operations
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Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates
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Not Available.

Data appraisal
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Since the population with access to mobile telephones is likely to differ from the rest of the population with respect to their access to food, post-hoc adjustments were made to control for the potential resulting bias. Post-stratification weights were built to adjust the sample distribution by gender and education of the respondent at admin-1 level, to match the same distribution in the total population. However, an additional step was needed to try to ascertain the food insecurity condition of those with access to phones compared to that of the total population.

Using FIES data collected by FAO through the GWP between 2014 and 2019, and a variable on access to mobile telephones that was also in the dataset, it was possible to compare the prevalence of food insecurity at moderate or severe level, and severe level only, of respondents with access to a mobile phone to that of the total population at national level.

摘要
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可持续发展目标（SDG）2.1项承诺各国结束饥饿，确保全年所有人都能获得安全、营养充足的食物。指标2.1.2，‘基于食物不安全经验量表（FIES）的食物不安全普遍性’，提供了国际上可比较的估计，用于衡量面临食物获取困难的人口比例。更多详细背景信息请参阅http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/。

基于FIES的指标是通过FIES调查模块编制的，包含8个问题。可以计算两个指标：
1. 经历中度或严重食物不安全的人口比例（SDG指标2.1.2）。
2. 经历严重食物不安全的人口比例。

这些数据由FAO通过GeoPoll收集。国家机构也可以通过在国家代表性调查中包含FIES调查模块来收集FIES数据。

微观数据可用于计算国家层面的指标2.1.2。计算此指标的说明可在文档标签中的方法论文件中找到。不鼓励在次国家层面分解结果，因为估计将受到大量抽样和测量误差的影响。

地理覆盖范围
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国家覆盖范围

分析单元
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个人

总体
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15岁及以上的个人。

数据类型
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样本调查数据[ssd]

抽样程序
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采用了随机数字拨号（RDD）方法来形成电话号码的随机样本。当需要时，还使用了来自电话服务提供商或行政登记的分层电话号码来整合RDD。然后，调查中收集的社会人口统计特征与最近的国家调查中可用的信息进行比较，以验证样本在多大程度上反映了总人口结构。如果存在差异，则计算后分层抽样权重以调整未充分代表的人口，通常使用性别和教育水平。

排除项：无
设计效应：无

数据收集方式
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计算机辅助电话访谈[cati]

清理操作
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统计验证通过测试FIES数据与Rasch模型假设的一致性来评估其质量。该分析涉及对多个统计量的解释，这些统计量揭示了1）在特定环境中表现不佳的项目，2）具有高度不规则响应模式的案例，3）可能重复的项目对，以及4）由测量模型解释的总体方差中的比例。

抽样误差估计
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不可用。

数据评估
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由于拥有移动电话的群体可能与无法获得移动电话的其他人群在获得食物方面存在差异，因此进行了事后调整以控制潜在的偏差。构建后分层权重以通过受访者的性别和教育水平在行政1级调整样本分布，以匹配总人口中的相同分布。然而，还需要额外的步骤来尝试确定拥有手机的人的食物不安全状况与总人口相比。

利用FAO通过GWP在2014年至2019年期间收集的FIES数据和数据集中包含的关于移动电话接入的变量，可以比较拥有手机受访者在中等或严重食物不安全普遍性以及仅严重水平上的食物不安全普遍性与全国总人口的普遍性。