Structures and bonding of C<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2</sub>Y<i><sup>q</sup></i>(X=Si,Ge,Sn,Pb; Y=C,Si,Ge,Sn,Pb; <i>q</i> = +1,0,−1): π-type templates for planar tetracoordinate heavier group 14 atoms
收藏资源简介:
Contrasting the big family of the planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC), species featuring the planar tetracoordinate heavier group element M (ptM) have been largely limited. Effective structural frameworks to accommodate such ptM centres are thus highly desired. In the present article, we report an extensive computational study on 60 pentatomic systems C<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2</sub>Y<i><sup>q</sup></i> (X=Si,Ge,Sn,Pb; Y=C,Si,Ge,Sn,Pb; <i>q</i> = +1,0,−1) covering both the low and high spin states. Up to 34 systems were shown to have the very low-lying singlet planar tetracoordinate heavier group 14 (ptM with M=Si,Ge,Sn,Pb) structures bearing the 19 (<i>q</i> = +1), 20 (<i>q</i> = 0) and 21 (<i>q</i> = −1) valence electrons (ve). Structural and bonding analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the inherent π-type ligand skeleton XCCX or XCCY that each have several sets of π-bonding orbitals to stabilise the ptM centre. The structural and bonding motifs of these ptMs differ greatly from the classic ptMs, which have the σ-type ligand skeleton, smaller number of valence electrons (≤18ve), and the centre → ligand π-delocalisation.
与平面四配位碳(planar tetracoordinate carbon,ptC)的庞大家族形成鲜明对比,含平面四配位重主族元素M(ptM)的物种则极为罕见。因此,开发可稳定此类ptM中心的有效结构骨架,成为当前亟需突破的研究方向。本文针对60种五原子体系C₂X₂Y<sup>q</sup>(X=Si、Ge、Sn、Pb;Y=C、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb;q=+1、0、−1)开展了系统性的理论计算研究,覆盖低自旋与高自旋两种电子态。研究结果表明,多达34种体系可形成极低能的单重态平面四配位第14族重元素结构(ptM,M=Si、Ge、Sn、Pb),对应价电子(valence electrons,ve)数分别为19(q=+1)、20(q=0)与21(q=−1)。结构与成键分析证实,内嵌的π型配体骨架XCCX或XCCY均拥有多组π成键轨道,可有效稳定ptM中心,验证了该骨架设计的有效性。此类ptM的结构与成键基元与经典ptM存在显著差异:经典ptM采用σ型配体骨架,价电子数更少(≤18ve),且存在中心向配体的π离域作用。




