Gut microbiome metabolites, molecular mimicry, and species-level variation drive long-term efficacy and adverse event outcomes in lung cancer survivors

The influence of the gut microbiota on long-term immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is poorly understood, as are the underlying mechanisms. We hereby performed gut metagenome sequencing and landmark analysis of gut microbiotas from patients with lung cancer initially treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and explored the underlying mechanisms mediating long-term (>1 year) ICI responses and immune-related adverse events (irAEs).