Supplementary file 1_Biomimetic astragaloside-IV-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy.docx

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is currently the most prevalent form of cardiomyopathy; it poses a severe threat to human health and is characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality. In this study, we prepared macrophage-membrane-coated and astragaloside-IV-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AS@MSN/TA/MM) and assessed their therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo. The designed AS@MSN/TA/MM were spherical and had an average particle size of approximately 234 nm, a zeta potential of −24.5 mV, a drug loading capacity (LC) of 9.5% ± 0.04%, and an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 98.9% ± 0.1%. The particles showed remarkable colloidal stability with phosphate-buffered saline or fetal bovine serum in vitro; they also improved the doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX)-induced oxidative stress of H9C2 cells and promoted cell proliferation. In the DOX-induced DCM mouse model, AS@MSN/TA/MM ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, alleviated cardiomyocyte fibrosis, as well as suppressed serum levels of aldosterone, angiotensin II, and suppression of tumorigenicity 2. The present work sheds light on a promising therapeutic strategy for DCM and provides a robust platform for developing advanced astragaloside-IV-based nanotherapeutics.