Ultra-high-accuracy Digital Terrain Model Mapping for Assessing Roadway Vulnerability to Sea-level Rise and Flooding: An Integrated Analysis of Mobile and Airborne LiDAR Data

The product includes: 1) a Digital Terrain Model (DTM; 0.2 m resolution) that integrates airborne and mobile lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) data, and 2) a shapefile that shows the road segment of the Kamehameha Highway where mobile lidar data were available and used for generating the DTM. The airborne lidar were collected by NOAA in 2013 and the point density is 2.5 points/m2. The mobile lidar data were collected by Hawaii DOT (Department of Transportation) with the Mandli DVX system. The system includes Velodyne HDL-32 LiDAR sensors (each with a pulse rate of 700,000 points per second, range of 100 m, relative positive accuracy of < 2 cm for 1 sigma at 25 m, vertical angular resolution of 1.33°, wavelength of 905 nm), which are mounted at the two rear corners of the vehicle. The point density is 3334.4 points/m2. The DTM is in geotiff (.tif) format while the shapefile is in ArcGIS shapefile (.shp) format. DTM is a raster model that represent the elevation of bare earth, excluding aboveground objects such as trees, building, electric poles, traffic signs, etc. The shapefile is the centerline of the road segment corresponding to the mobile lidar data used in the study. Both data are in the projection of UTM (Universal Transverse Mercato) Zone 4N with the datum of NAD (North America Datum) 1983 (2011). The vertical elevation is in ellipsoid instead of orthometric heights.