Additional file 1 of Why and how genetic canalization evolves in gene regulatory networks

Figures S2 and S1. Ploidy level. Figure S2. Effect of ploidy on the evolution of expression and canalization. Solid lines stand for diploid populations, dashed lines for haploid populations, and dotted lines for haploid populations with σ m ′ = 2 1 / 2 σ m $\sigma _{m}^{\prime } = 2^{1/2} \sigma _{m}$ for the canalization tests (to compensate the increase in mutational effect that comes from the second unchanged haplotype in diploids). Subfigure indexes match figure numbers from the main text. (2a)(2b) Evolution of gene expression and canalization in networks in which genes are selected towards an intermediate optimum. (4a)(4b) Evolution of gene expression and canalization in networks in which genes are selected towards extreme expression. Figure S3. Effect of simulation parameters on canalization in haploid vs. diploid populations. Average and s.d. canalization scores at G=10,000 generations; two genes out of six are under direct selection pressure. Solid lines stand for diploid populations, dashed lines for haploid populations. Subfigure indexes match figure numbers from the main text. (3a) Network complexity c. (3b) Constitutive gene expression a. (3c) Mutation rate μ. (3d) Effect of a mutation σ m . (3e) Strength of stabilizing selection s. (3f) Fitness optimum θ. (5b) Population size N. (5b) Network size L. (ZIP 14 kb)