Data for "India's agroecology programme, 'Zero Budget Natural Farming', delivers biodiversity and economic benefits without lowering yields"

These are the datasets used in "India's agroecology programme, 'Zero Budget Natural Farming', delivers biodiversity and economic benefits without lowering yields" (2025) Nature Ecology & Evolution Please refer to the manuscript for details on the study design, data collection, processing, and modelling approaches. The R code scripts using these datasets are available on GitHub: irisberger/ZBNF: Code for "India's agroecology programme, 'Zero Budget Natural Farming', delivers biodiversity and economic benefits without lowering yields" yield_v3.csv contains raw yield data, wholsale_prices.csv contains wholesale price data of the different crops as sold at the market, wfh_squares_final.csv contains information on the amount of (semi-)native vegetation patches in each square, tool_costs.csv contains data on the costs associated with the tools needed to farm a given field, substances.csv contains data on input costs, seed_costs.csv details the costs of seeds purchased, rental_costs.csv details costs associated with renting equipment to farm a given field, profit_squares.csv is the estimated total economic profit per square, profit_data_points.csv contains field-level estimates of ecomic profit, points_prop_closed.csv contains data on the proportion of area in the 100m around a point count that is closed (i.e. obstructs visibility), match_weights_point_farm_birds.csv contains the matching weights for the analyses on birds, labour_costs.csv contains information on the labour costs associated with a given field, irrigation.csv details whether a given point is irrigated or not, forest_dependency_BL.csv contains information on each species' forest dependency (ass classified by BirdLife), field_details_results.csv provides details on each field, farms_traveltime.csv details how far (travel time in minutes) a given field is away from a city, energy_costs.csv details enegery (e.g. petrol, electricity) costs, energy.csv details the food energy of each crop, covariates_combined_farm.csv contains details on covariates/characteristics of all agricultural sites, Birdlife_traits.csv contains species-level trait data (incl. on trophic guild) as downloaded from AVONET, all_spp_info.csv contains information on guild, detection group, preferred habitat etc. for each bird species in this study. DataForDetectionFunctionFittingFinal.rda and DetectionFunction_functions.rda contain the raw bird data needed to fit the detection functions, BestDetectionFunctions.rda contains the best-fitting detection functions, density_data_fitted_only.rda contains the bird count and effective area surveys data as well as visit-level information, data_for_big_brm.rda is needed to run the model on density-yield/profit relationships, and final_farm_type_model2.rda is needed for the model on the Bray Curtis dissimilarity index