IPS in healthy adults (Bhutada et al., 2020)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing the initiation of pharyngeal swallow (IPS) in healthy, nondysphagic adults.Method: A total of 195 healthy participants ranging in age from 21 to 89 years participated in a modified barium swallow study. IPS was quantified using the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile standardized scoring system across nine swallowing tasks observed in the lateral viewing plane for each participant.Results: Large variability for bolus head location at time of hyoid burst (IPS) was observed within this healthy cohort, ranging from the ramus of the mandible to the pyriform sinuses. Significant effects of bolus volume, viscosity, sex, and race were also observed.Conclusion: Study findings indicate that IPS is variable in healthy adults and influenced by volume, viscosity, sex, and race. Thus, variability in IPS may be considered typical in otherwise nondysphagic adults. The clinical significance of high Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile IPS scores in dysphagic patients, therefore, must be considered within the context of other swallowing impairments.Supplemental Material S1. Summary of regression analysis for variables predicting IPS scores across swallow tasks for age category, sex and race (Caucasian; African American).Supplemental Material S2. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval [lower bound, upper bound]) of IPS scores across swallow tasks for age category, sex and race (Caucasian; African American).Bhutada, A. M., Dey, R., Martin-Harris, B., & Garand, K. L. (2020). Factors influencing initiation of pharyngeal swallow in healthy adults. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00027

研究目的：本研究的目的是探究影响健康、非吞咽困难成年人咽部吞咽启动（IPS）的因素。研究方法：共有195名年龄在21至89岁之间的健康参与者参与了改良钡剂吞咽研究。使用改良钡剂吞咽障碍评估标准评分系统对每个参与者在侧位观察平面中观察到的九项吞咽任务进行IPS量化。研究结果：在健康队列中观察到咽部吞咽启动时团块头部位置（IPS）存在较大变异，范围从下颌支到肺门窦。此外，还观察到团块体积、粘度、性别和种族的显著影响。研究结论：研究结果表明，IPS在健康成年人中存在变异，并受体积、粘度、性别和种族的影响。因此，IPS的变异可能被视为非吞咽困难成年人的典型特征。因此，在吞咽困难患者中，必须考虑高改良钡剂吞咽障碍评估系统IPS评分的临床意义，并置于其他吞咽障碍的背景下进行评估。补充材料S1：预测IPS评分的回归分析总结，分析变量包括年龄类别、性别和种族（白人；非裔美国人）。补充材料S2：IPS评分在吞咽任务中的优势比（95%置信区间[下限，上限]），分析变量包括年龄类别、性别和种族（白人；非裔美国人）。Bhutada, A. M., Dey, R., Martin-Harris, B., & Garand, K. L. (2020). 健康成年人咽部吞咽启动影响因素。美国言语-语言病理学杂志。在线预发表。https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00027