Research data supporting "The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming"

Raw data underlying the figures in Balmford et al. “The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming”.

There are eight datasets, covering all farming sector-externality combinations studied in the associated paper. Across all datasets, rows represent a paired measure of yield and externality under a specific farming system or combination of management practices. Where farming sectors produce significant co-products (e.g. dairy systems producing milk and beef), allocated values of externality and yield have also been included.

Rice-GHG, Rice-Water and Beef-GHG-empirical comprised of data from multiple published experimental or LCA-based studies. Data for Dairy-GHG, Dairy-N/P/Soil and Beef-GHG-Ruminant were produced using process-based models of dairy or beef farming systems. Wheat-GHG data were sourced from the Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Inventory Research Platform, with additional GHG sources accounted for using the Yara emissions database. Wheat-N data were sourced from Rothamsted’s long-term Broadbalk wheat experiment.

Note: Data presented in the published figures for Rice-GHG, Rice-Water, Wheat-GHG, and Beef-GHG-empirical have undergone correction for site effects using generalised linear mixed models. The datasets here contain the raw data only, before modelling has been carried out.

Full details of methods are given in the text of the associated paper.

Important note: An author correction to the associated article in Nature Sustainability was published on 26 March 2019. As a result, an .xlsx file ('Wheat-GHG.xlsx') that was part of the original dataset uploaded has been replaced with the following file: 'Wheat-GHG - Correction070118.xlsx'.

本数据集构成了 Balmford 等人所著《高产农业的环境成本与收益》一文中图表所依据的原始数据。该数据集共包含八个数据集，涵盖了相关论文中研究的所有农业领域外溢效应组合。在所有数据集中，行表示特定农业系统或管理措施组合下的产量和外溢效应的成对测量。对于产生显著副产品的农业领域（例如，乳品系统生产牛奶和牛肉），外溢效应和产量的分配值亦已包含在内。

Rice-GHG、Rice-Water 和 Beef-GHG-empirical 数据集由多个已发表的实验或基于生命周期评估（LCA）的研究数据组成。Dairy-GHG、Dairy-N/P/Soil 和 Beef-GHG-Ruminant 数据集则是通过乳品或牛肉农业系统的过程模型产生的。Wheat-GHG 数据来源于农业温室气体清单研究平台，并利用 Yara 排放数据库对额外的温室气体来源进行了核算。Wheat-N 数据来源于 Rothamsted 长期 Broadbalk 小麦试验。

注：Rice-GHG、Rice-Water、Wheat-GHG 和 Beef-GHG-empirical 在发表的图表中所呈现的数据已使用广义线性混合模型对场地效应进行了校正。此处所提供的数据集仅包含原始数据，在建模之前并未进行处理。

方法的全貌详见相关论文正文。

重要提示：Nature Sustainability 期刊于 2019 年 3 月 26 日发布了对相关文章的作者更正。因此，原始数据集中作为一部分的 .xlsx 文件（'Wheat-GHG.xlsx'）已被以下文件替换：'Wheat-GHG - Correction070118.xlsx'。