Results from 5-fold and pasture cross validation of wolf, elk and cattle resource selection functions (RSFs) during day and night in southwest Alberta, Canada.

Spearman correlations were calculated between RSF-habitat ranks and area-adjusted frequencies on a withheld sub-sample of data (20%) 5-times. We also calculated a linear regression between observed frequency and expected RSF scores and assessed the fit. We validated the cattle RSF using a 2-pasture cross validation, where separate cattle RSFs were produced for each pasture and a Spearman rank correlation and linear regression between the two models was calculated in each pasture.