Metagenomic sequencing of microorganisms in hospital sewage Genome sequencing and assembly. Metagenomic sequencing of microorganisms in hospital sewage

Antibiotics have been shown to be novel pollutants that jeopardize human health, but little research has been conducted on antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic associations in hospitals. We performed a metagenomic analysis of the overall bacterial community to obtain genomic data of the major bacterial taxa, and based on the results of the above experimental analysis compared with the use of antibiotics in hospitals, we found that the dominant bacterial strains in the hospital wastewater system were environmentally-intrinsic and intestinal-intrinsic bacteria, such as Aliarcobacter cryaerophilus and Segatella copri. Opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (OPB) such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also present. The results of metagenomic analysis showed that lactamase resistance genes were the main type of resistance genes in the receiving waters, while ARGs were strongly correlated with the use of antibiotics. In addition, we found that more than 60% of the Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAG) in the effluent expressed ARGs against multiple antibiotics, and multidrug-resistant bacteria were the major pathogens of hospital-acquired infections. These results suggest that a large number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and highly mobile ARGs already exist in the human body, and if they are released from hospitals without effective treatment, they will pose a great threat to the environment and human health, and clinical measures should be taken to prevent and control the spread of ARGs effectively.