Multiple functions of Thumpd1-mediated RNA acetylation in translation efficiency and tRNA quality control in physiology and heat stress

Acetylation is a key RNA modification impacting RNA function across bacteria and eukaryotes. In yeast, tRNA acetylation contributes to stability and translational fidelity, particularly under heat stress. Research on mammalian cells lacking the ac4C12 modification shows it's crucial for proper tRNA function and translational efficiency.we also reveals a novel mammalian Rapid tRNA Decay (mRTD) pathway, involved in tRNA quality control and degradation under stress conditions, highlighting its significant role in mRNA translation and cellular stress responses.