Big bad banks? The winners and losers from bank deregulation in the United States [Dataset]

We assess the impact of bank deregulation on the distribution of income in the United States. From the 1970s through the 1990s, most states removed restrictions on intrastate branching, which intensified bank competition and improved bank performance. Exploiting the cross-state, cross-time variation in the timing of branch deregulation, we find that deregulation materially tightened the distribution of income by boosting incomes in the lower part of the income distribution while having little impact on incomes above the median. Bank deregulation tightened the distribution of income by increasing the relative wage rates and working hours of unskilled workers.本研究评估了银行监管放松对美国收入分配的影响。20世纪70年代至90年代，美国多数州取消了州内银行分支机构设立限制，此举强化了银行业竞争并提升了银行经营绩效。本研究利用不同州实施分支机构监管放松的时序差异所带来的跨州、跨时间变异开展实证分析，结果表明：银行监管放松通过提升收入分配底层群体的收入水平，且对收入中位数以上群体的收入几乎无影响，显著收紧了美国的收入分配格局。银行监管放松通过提高非熟练工人的相对工资率与劳动时长，实现了收入分配格局的收紧。