Transcriptional changes of Tex10 in purified primordial gem cell-like cells (PGCLCs) at day2 and day6

Testis-specific transcript 10 (Tex10) is highly expressed in the testis, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and primordial germ cells (PGCs). We previously generated a Tex10 knockout mouse model demonstrating its critical roles in ESC pluripotency and preimplantation development. Here, using conditional knockout mice and dTAG-degron ESCs, we show Tex10 is required for spermatogenesis and ESC-to-PGCLC differentiation. Specifically, Tex10-null spermatocytes arrest at metaphase I, compromising round spermatid formation. Tex10 depletion and overexpression compromise and enhance ESC-to-PGCLC differentiation, respectively. Mechanistically, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that Tex10 depletion downregulates genes involved in pluripotency, PGC development, and spermatogenesis while upregulating genes promoting somatic programs. Chromatin occupancy study reveals that Tex10 binds to H3K4me3-marked promoters of Psmd3 and Psmd7, negative regulators of Wnt signaling, and activates their expression, thereby restraining Wnt signaling. Our study identifies Tex10 as a previously unappreciated factor in spermatogenesis and PGC development, offering potential therapeutic insights for treating male infertility. Overall design: PGCLCs from day2 and day6 embryonic bodies (EBs, D2EBs vs. dD2EBs, D2EV vs. D2OE and D6EV vs. D6OE) were sorted by FASC with PE anti-mouse/rat CD61 and Alexa Fluorß 647 anti-mouse/human SSEA1 antibodies.Total RNA from PGCLCs was extracted for RNA-sequencing.