Comparative landscape genomics reveals species-specific spatial patterns and suggests human-aided dispersal in a global hotspot for biological invasions

Biological invasions are a growing threat to native ecosystems, and genomic studies have become an increasingly useful tool for invasive species management by providing the ability to identify spatial population structure in the invaded range. In this study, we compared the spatial genetic structure of two ecologically distinct non-native lizard species both established and widespread throughout South Florida, a global hotspot for reptile invasions. We used an individual-based sampling approach to collect genetic samples of Agama picticauda, a rock specialist native to West Africa, and Basiliscus vittatus, a riparian specialist from Central and South America. We collected specimens across Miami-Dade County (the original site of introduction) and then genotyped ~4,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each species. Both species exhibited fine-scale population structure at distances <5 km for A. picticauda and <10 km for B. vitattus, but at the county scale B. vittatus show..., Genomic DNA was extracted from tissues (liver or muscle) using Qiagen’s DNeasy Blood and Tissue Extraction kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), following the standard extraction protocol. DNA quality was checked by running 100 ng of each sample on a 1% agarose gel to confirm intact, unfragmented DNA. DNA samples were sent to University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Biotechnology Center DNA Sequencing Facility for genotyping-by-sequencing using the restriction enzyme ApeKI for both species (following enzyme optimization). SNPs were called using the non-reference genome version of the Universal Network Enabled Analysis Kit (UNEAK) pipeline (Lu et al. 2013) implemented in Tassel 3.0 (Bradbury et al. 2007). This pipeline trims reads to 64 bp, merges identical reads into tags within each barcoded individual, and uses pairwise alignment to identify tag pairs with 1 bp mismatch (while probabilistically correcting sequencing errors using the error tolerance rate parameter set to 0.05). This resulted in 388,..., , # Comparative landscape genomics reveals species-specific spatial patterns and suggests human-aided dispersal in a global hotspot for biological invasions

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk43](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk43)

## Description of the data and file structure

Data provided includes fastq files for two lizard species, *Agama picticauda* and *Basiliscus vittatus*, and a metadata file with the date, coordinates and species tied to each matching ID in the fastq files. Genomic samples were extracted from the tissues of individuals captured in their invasive range in Miami-Dade County, Florida and fastq files are a result of genotyping-by-sequencing method.
### Files and variables

#### File: sample\_metadata.xlsx

**Description:** Metadata

##### Variables

* Date: The date the individual was captured. NA represents samples that were acquired from colleagues and date is unknown.
* LAT: The latitudinal coordinate of the site the individual was captured at (in decima...