microbial community structure within the "Haima" cold seep

This dataset presents a comprehensive analysis of the microbial community structure within the "Haima" cold seep ecosystem in the South China Sea, a critical yet underexplored habitat driving biogeochemical cycles. The study addresses key research gaps regarding the spatial distribution patterns and functional differentiation mechanisms of microorganisms in cold seep environments. Samples were collected from surface sediments at four stations (SY186-1, SY186-3, SY186-5, SY186-7) and from a sediment core at station SY186-3. Environmental DNA (eDNA) was extracted and amplified using domain-specific primers targeting eukaryotic microorganisms, bacteria, and archaea. This approach enabled the construction of the first three-dimensional spatial distribution map of microbial communities in a South China Sea cold seep.