Temperature and conductivity data loggers within ponds and weather data surrounding ponds on the McMurdo Ice Shelf

Logging stations were installed at Bratina Island since the 1995-1996 season to monitor temperature and conductivity within various ponds and air temperature, incident radiation and UVA and UVB radiation outside the ponds throughout the year. In the 2000/01 season a monitoring array to obtain weather data to support development of a model of the physical process of freezing in Antarctic ponds was developed from existing logging systems. The stations now log, over the winter period, pond temperature, incident and net radiation, wind speed and direction, air temperature and air humidity.