Dissolved and particulate carbohydrates and inorganic ions in the sea surface microlayer and bulk water of Kongsfjorden (Autumn 2021/Spring 2022)@en

Sea surface microlayer (SML) and bulk water samples were collected from various locations in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) during autumn 2021 and spring 2022. SML samples were obtained using the glass plate method, while corresponding bulk water samples (1 m depth) were collected with a telescopic rod. The following chemical parameters were analyzed: dissolved free carbohydrates (DFCHO), dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO), particulate combined carbohydrates (PCCHO), and major inorganic ions. DFCHO and DCCHO concentrations were determined from filtered seawater (0.2 µm) after desalination via electrodialysis, followed by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). PCCHO concentrations were measured from 0.2 µm polycarbonate membrane filters. All carbohydrate fractions (DFCHO, DCCHO, PCCHO) were quantified as the sum of individual monosaccharides, including arabinose, glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, muramic acid, galacturonic acid, and others.