Data and grids used for modeling LST change due to hypothetical afforestation using the energy balance model and the IBM theory

5 × 5 km grids across the entire study area and sampled those including NF, CR, GR, and PF that have not changed from 2000 to 2010 were created.To identify proper grids representing the conversions from no change NF, CR or GR to the hypothetical PF, we then selected them based on the 1km land cover data following the rule: the cover of PF ≥ 5% and the cover of NF or open land (CR or GR) ≥ 80%. Within each selected grid, we adopted a window searching method (Zhao and Jackson, 2014) to identify the hypothetical changes by pairing adjacent pixels of PF and other types (NF, CR, and GR). <br> To assess the impacts of hypothetical afforestation on the local climatic and biophysical parameters, we calculated the multi-year mean values of LST, albedo, air temperature, and downward longwave and shortwave fluxes in the selected 5km grids. <br> The total change in the modeled surface temperature due to afforestation can be separated into three sections, including the changes in the energy redistribution factor, radiative forcing, and soil heat flux (Bright et al., 2017):