Data source: [ Drivers of human-tiger conflict risk and potential mitigation approaches]

Human-wildlife conflict has become a significant challenge for conservationists partic-ularly in areas where endangered species, such as large carnivores, are recovering. If we fail to balance the interests of humans and wildlife, human-wildlife conflict can have adverse outcomes. However, the drivers of human-wildlife conflict, and how to mitigate conflict, are often poorly understood. In this study, we aim to explore possible causes and potential miti-gating approaches for human-tiger conflict risks through spatio-temporal niche partitioning. Based on data of reports of Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) preying on cattle and cam-era-trap detection data from 2014 to 2019 in Hunchun, Northeast China, we predicted Amur tiger occurrence and created risk maps of human-tiger potential encounters. We found that Amur tiger occurrence was positively driven by prey distribution and negatively by the dis-tribution of pastures used for domestic cattle grazing. Predation on livestock was heightened in areas with limited preferred prey, i.e., wild pig (Sus scrofa) and sika (Cervus nippon), and in closer proximity to cattle grazing land. Based on our models we divided areas utilized by human and Amur tigers low, medium, and high-risk areas on the basis of Amur tigers and human use across multiple spatio-temporal scales. We suppose that multiple spatio-temporal scale niche partitioning management might effectively reduce the risk of human-tiger en-counters, prompt harmonized coexistence between humans and tigers, and provide new so-lutions for other areas experiencing human-wildlife conflicts.