The first complete chloroplast genome of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. 1791 (Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis

Cosmos sulphureus is an annual ornamental plant with pharmaceutical and biopesticidal value. Here, we report its first complete chloroplast genome (150,870 bp), featuring a typical quadripartite structure and 37.52% GC content. The genome comprised 129 predicted genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. A triple inversion was identified in the LSC region: an ∼83.9 kb large repeat nested an ∼18.8 kb medium repeat, which in turn enclosed a ∼3.4 kb small repeat. Phylogenetically, C. sulphureus and C. bipinnatus form a monophyletic clade, diverging ∼1.593 Mya. These findings provide genetic resources for future studies of the genus.