Microbiome restoration using a non-industrialized-type diet and a lost microbe

Increased chronic disease prevalence in industrialized societies may be partially driven by western-style dietary patterns disrupting the gut microbiome. We explored the effects of a microbiome restoration strategy comprised of a non-industrialized-type (Restore) diet (providing ~45 grams/day dietary fiber) and a probiotic species Limosilactobacillus reuteri (a microbe rarely found in industrialized microbiomes) on gut microbiome ecology and host physiology. In a randomized crossover trial in healthy Canadian adults, 30 participants consumed the Restore diet or their usual diet for three weeks. Participants also consumed a single dose of either L. reuteri PB-W1 (an isolate from rural Papua New Guinea), L. reuteri DSM20016T (type strain of the species), or a placebo in each diet period.