PERMATHERMAL: Air, surface, and ground temperature at Livingston Island

AIR, SURFACE AND GROUND TEMPERATURE data (raw, not processed) acquired from 1 to 4 hours since 2000 at different PT stations of the PERMATHERMAL monitoring network located in LIVINGSTON ISLAND, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica: Juan Carlos I (JC), Nuevo Incinerador (NI), Incinerador (IN), Collado Ramos (CR), Morrena (MO), Glaciar (GL), and Sofía (SO), at Hurd Peninsula, and Limnopolar Lake (LL) and Domo (DO) at Byers Peninsula.
PERMATHERMAL network aims to monitor the seasonal and permanent frozen ground in Livingston and Deception Islands on Antarctica following the GCOS principles. This network, started in 2000, expanded along the years and currently includes different monitoring stations distributed in both Antarctic islands to acquired data of both active layer thickness (CALM stations), and permafrost temperature (PT stations). CALM stations consist on a 100x100 grid with nodes every 10 m where active layer thickness is measured yearly during the thawing season, meanwhile PT stations consist on different instruments with sensors to acquire temperature data from air, surface, and ground at different depth, as well as snow depth, the entire year. Other additional instruments as time-lapse cameras or a snow-pack station contribute to the network. Nowadays PERMATHERMAL network is leaded by Dr. Miguel Ángel de Pablo of the Universidad de Alcalá (Madrid, Spain).